This study uses gaze behaviour to examine realism in virtual urban environments. It assesses how geometric complexity, appearance, and semantic information shape perception, providing a human-centred basis for choosing levels of detail in VR city models.
Published in the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, volume 152, article 105484 (August 2026). First available online on 28 July 2026. Wufan Zhao is the corresponding author.